Balking clutch



F ..5 f' "'@UMLA Feb ,4, 1947. 3. D. PETERSON Erm. 2,415,393.4

BALKING CLUTCH Filed sept. -2'?, 1944 CHRI. l). PETERsoH HLBERT H. .DE/MEL BY Eowmw w; Zines/15m ATTORNEYS i vbalkingl ring, and able torque.

'u' accelerating the driven member.

-. ing being also shown@ i l l Figures 2 and 3A are sectiona1,-v iews'taken re- Patented Feb. 4, c1947 aussie i anassaff t i y 'nA'LxmG'cLU'ron `Cai-1 D; Petersommb'ert n. neimel, and Edward I W. Zingsheim,-Toledo, Ohio; Marion E. Peterson, Toledo, hio, executrix, of saidarl-D,

. Petersoin deceased Application september 27; Efait, seri-a1 no. 555,924 i i, .Iac'laims; (Gilda-ml 'This invention relates to balking'- clutches. Heretofore, balking clutches includedabalk ing ring which had a'frict'ion surface forcoacting with the complcmental friction surface,` withonly enough friction to control thelocki-ng or balking movement andthe-unlocking movement fof the without transmittingappreci- The inventionV has 'for' its object a, fricti'or'iless balking clutch in which the vbalking` member or ring'is not controlled by friction between friction surfaces but is controlledby the-draggingeffect clutch which permits, for inst',ar`1ce,fav part' .being driven -in the lower'speed'r'atio" to shift`thebalk ring out of normalbalk positionv when saidpart is temporarily rotating faster thar`i`.the balkring,

which, yin this instance, is rotatingin fthe' high speed ratio, and in so doing, effecting crossing of the speeds of the two partsI tofbe clutched' vto- 'gether' by the balk clutch." Thefcrcssing of theA speeds may be brought labouti-,yy temporarily decelerating the drlvemember. The clutch may be vso made that`.1 ;he reverse of this operation takes place, that is', the balk ring operated by clutch, the high speeddrive isa direct drive' and n the lower speed through an indirect driVe, although this orderf may' be reversed. The indirect drive may be a. high'sp'eed or overdrive, and the one-'wayclutch controlling the balkring correspondingly reversed to]v conformi to this change. This one-wayclutchi's' here `shown as a rollervclutch and the balkring as one` race, as vthe inner race ofthe roller c1utch, and'hence thecamsf the race will `be inclined in one direction,

` j when the-high speedis'me direct dnvaand in the .other directiongwnentne mgn' speed 'is the `'llhe inventionrlcon'sist's in' thenovel features `.and in the combinations and*constructio'ns here-V inafter set forth andfclaimed,l

rIn describing this .inyej noniefernce, fnad L` to the accompanying. drawingyin Which likecharacters designatecorresponding parts in all the -l vieWs.v

\ Figurelfisalongitudinal secti'anal'Ivievg',of a transmission ,mechanism embodying 4 this b alking clutch. adjacent vliar-ts of gthe transmission, gear- 'ing and the unlocking actionlof the balk Yeinher` f t The transmission mechanisml in which this clutch isembodied comprises, generally, a driven --'dueto' the differential speeds' lof"a"ratio from:

-which and into which theshift is l`being made,

` the dragging. effect being through a` one-Way 15v shaft .selectively actuatable through Idifferent directuand indirect speed ratios, a direct=drive shaftfand an indirect drive shaft, abaIk-cIutch" i fort-connecting one Idrive shaft ,and thedriven shaft through one speedfratio including an axially shiftableftoothed:member rotatable with one of the shafts .to'be clutched` together,I and a balk' ring rotatable. with i theshiitable :member 'and having a limited arcuate rockingmovement relative `theretoythering being provided with balk teeth; the eshiftable ,member having balk 'teeth normally lOpposed tothe balk teeth ofthe ring when the ring isv in-v itsnormal-position at 'l onev endv of 'theiarc of `rocking movement, 'spring means biasingv the balk lring :in onel direction to its vn ormalJor `blocking position, means :for transmitting. the motion of the ,othenof said shafts to be'clutched together to thebalkringin theoppo.- l siteldirectiononly; to lrock the same cutzlof .blocking position, when the speeds of these two shafts iare=diierential andl preliminaryto shifting in the balkclutchyand the other of saidshaftsis ,rotatv,ing relatively to Asaidone shaft infsaid` opposite direction, so thatv due tothe diierential-speeds, the balk ring is rockedagainstthe eactionjof its spring in said opposite direction, x"and henceper- `mitsthe 'balk ring; andthe shaft with which it f' :rotates to runfreednsaid 'one direction;y when j thegbalk clutch lis disengaged.l A :stop is provided i for limiting. the arcuate ,movementof *the balk ring out-z of its blockingposition. The balk clutch i henceoperates for` a. shift in one direction` or shifts yonly =in oneK4 direction outfofbalking :posito a: central-lposition'iin which .tion 1 in contradistinction to in. oppositedirections it is 4in ,unbalking orunlocking position'.

y In the` transmission,fmechanismwhere `illusgtratecl,A as embodying this balk clutch, the llower speeda is 1 through an indirect' drive but Ithe ,drive p shafts Amay beactuated in `any suitable manner.

` a hydraulic.-y torque converter, asin the iapplica- The indirect drive-vr shaft maybe actuated through .tion of Carl D.;Peterson and AlbertH, Deimel, Serial.No.-497,839 -iiled August' 7, 1943, nowtPat- ,ent No.w2,397,883, in which the indirect drive is 5ov `through a .sleeve encircling thedirectz drive shaft,

' VVthis sleeve being the elongated hub of yth et,ur

However, -in sofaras this Clutch isconcerned,

bineewheel or runner ,of the torque converter.

the indirect .drive shaft l,I nay b'e- .arranged and 552 Figures'4 andare diagrammatic views on, the t plane ofline tlf-, Figure 1 illustrating thelockel t actuated `'in any suitable mannerliand may be actuated through gearing; other` than. a hydraulic converter?. I

indirect drive shafts,'and 2 the driven element or shaft. The indirect, drive vshaft 2 is a sleeve or elongated hub enclosing the drive shaft I. The

drive shaft I is actuated directly by the prime mover or engine, while the shaft 2 may be actuated, as shown, in the pending application `referred to, through a torque converter mounted concentric with the shaft I. The runner or tur bine wheel oi' the converteris mounted on the shaft or sleeve 2, or the shaft or sleeve 2 is an elongation of thehub oi' the turbine wheel, the drive from the converter shaft'2 being controlled through a synchronizing clutch and direct drive from the shaft I-is controlled by the baiking clutch forming the subject matter of this invention. A

In the transmission construction in which this invention is embodied, the driven element or shaft 3 is provided with a hollow cylindrical head l into which the endoi' the drive shaft I extends beyond the end of the sleeve of the shaft 2, the

shaft I having a bearing, as 5, at its end in the driven element 3.l The sleeve or drive shaft 2 is provided with a head 8 keyed or splined thereon opposed to the head I.

1 designates a cylindrical ring surroundingthe head 6 and journalledthereon through an overrunning roller clutch I, this ring 1 beingthe body of the synchronizing clutch and being opposed to the head 6 and having peripheral clutch teeth 9 for coacting with internal clutch teeth on a shiftable clutch collar I0 slidably splned on peripheral teeth l I on the head 4.

I2 designates a friction ring of the synchronizing clutch. this being secured to the ring 1 in any suitable manner. I3 designates acomplemental friction ring slidably Splined at Il on an extension of the clutch collar III into the friction ring I2, it being held from dislocation axially by retaining means I5 of any suitable construction. As is well known, synchronizing rings, as I3, have a rocking movement to aline the internal clutch teeth of the collar III and the external clutch teeth l when the speeds synchronize.

Yielding means is provided between the shifting collarV I0 and the synchronizing ring I3 to cause them to shift as a unit in the usual way, when the shifting-in force is applied and until the axial shifting in of thesynchronizing ring I3 is stopped, by reason of the engagementof its friction surface with' that of the ring I2, and then, as the speeds approach synchronization, to permit shifting of the collar I l axially relatively to the synchronizing ring I3, to engage the internal clutch teeth thereof with the clutch teeth l. The yielding means, as here shown, consists of the well-known, spring-pressed Bonnets IB; The construction of this synchronizer or synchronizing clutch per se forms no part of this invention.

The -balking clutch, which forms the subject the balk member I1 to engage the clutch teeth 28 matter of this invention, is located within the in'one direction, as to the right,.Figure l, being an idling one only, while the shifting collar Il is being operated to the right to engage the Syrichronizing clutch. The member II is shown as connected to the collar Il, as through a spider I2, mounted in a groove Il in the hub of the member4 I1'and having radially extending arms 2l, which extend through slots 2|in the wall of the head Il and into an` internal groove at 22 15 sleeve 2|, asseeninngure2,whereintheblock' 4 in the collar Ill. The member I1 is located in its neutral and shifted positions by means of spring- I pressed poppets 23 -mounted in suitable radial 'bores in the spider I8 between the arms 22. these puppets coacting with suitable notches 24. in the inner wall of the cylindrical head 4.

The member I1 is provided with peripheral clutch teeth 25 and is shiftable into interlocking engagement with internal clutch teeth 28 inthe head l near the bottom of the recess thereof.

The balking clutch forming the subject matter` of this invention operatesto block engagement of these clutch teeth `until the speeds of the two i a one-'way or overrunning clutch 22y and connected to the shaft I to rotate therewith butto have a limiting rocking circumferent movement, it being here shown as having internalteeth 29 extending between the external teeth 22 o n a collar II splined on the shaft I, the ring 21 having peripheral cams I2 which coactA with the rollers of the overrunning clutch 2l in the usual manner. The overrunning clutch also includes a suitable cage for the rollers. T he cage is acted upon by a spring, as 23, which biases the same in such a direction as to carry the rollers up to the higher points of the cams, as is well understood. The baiking ring 21 is. also biased by a similar spring 34. which tends to move and turn the cam or balking ring 21 in such direction as to move and'normally hold therng in blocking position. The shiftable clutch member I1 of the balk ring is also formed with blocking teeth 35 normally arranged opposed to the ends of the teeth 29, as seen in Figure 4, and hence block shifting in of with ,the clutch teeth 26. In order Vto get the teeth out of blocking engagement, the balk ring 21 is shifted into the position shown in Figure 5 to permit the teeth 35 t enter between the internal teeth 29 of the balk ring 21. As before stated, this was effected heretofore4 by friction surfaces between. the balk ring and the ring on the other 4of theparts to be clutched together by the balking clutch. ,Howeven in 4this balking ring clutch, the balk ring 21 .has no friction surface.`

but the shifting of the balk ring to bring the teeth 35 and 29 out of vblocking position is effected by the .speeds are synchronized or when they cron orA just after they cross, causes the edriven member 3 to drive the bulking ring 21 or now rock it faster'A than the decelerating shaft i, moving the teeth 2l out of position to block the teeth 3l or from the position shown in Figure 4 to that shown in Figure 5, thus permitting shifting in of the clutch teeth 25 and 26. Ihis blocking action can not occur untilthe driven member 2 `becomes the driver through the rti'verrunning clutch for the de celerating drive shaft I. The deceleration isei'- fected by throttling the engine. The braking effact of the converter or other indirect drive causes a quick momentary deceleration, and hence permitsl.V quick shift ofthe balk clutch. I

The balking ring 21 is arranged relatively to the 5 ing shoulders 29 are at the start of' their arc of movement and in blocking position shown in Figure 4. When the shift is to be made and the collar I shifted to the left to shift out the synchronizing clutch, the shaft 3 and its head 4 will rotate under the momentum of the vehicle and the shaft I and sleeve 3| thereon will slow down whilethe engine is decelerating, thus in effect, causing the outer race to pick up the inner race or cam or balking ring 21 and rotate it faster than the Asleeve 3|, thus moving the shoulders 29 clockwise awayfrom the shoulders 30 against the action of the spring 34. Owing to the small angle of the cams of the inner race or balking ring 21 and the high wedging force required, there is considerable movement before the rollers pick up or wedge with the cams to shift the inner race or balk ring tion of driving and drivenvshafts, one of the shafts having a head formed with an axial cylindricalrecess and the other extending coaxially into the recess and spacedfrom the inner annular wall of the recess` a balking ring clutch located in the recess and operable to clutch the shafts together, including an axially shiftable member splined on said other of the shafts, a collar splined on said other of the shafts, a balking ring mounted on the collar to have a limited rocking movement, an overrunning clutch between the balking ring and the head 'of said one of the shafts, the balking ring being the to unlock it against the action of the spring 34,

which isnot strong enough to transmit torque. Hence at the time the rollers pick up the cams of the balking ring 21, the shaft I is running slower than the coastingshaft 3 and head 4 or outer race of the overrunning clutch, or the speeds cross, so that thev internal shoulders 29 of the balking ring have moved from the position shown in Figures 2 and 4 to the right toward or into the positions indicated in Figure 5, andthe blocking shoulders 35 on the J'aw section I1 of the clutch are free to move out of blocking position shown in Figure 4 toward the position shown in Figure 5, lettingthe clutch teeth 25 interlock with the clutch teeth 26. 'A

In operation, assuming that the clutch collar I0 has been shifted to the right and the Synchronizer clutch is engaged or the'drive is from the sleeve or driven shaft 2 to the driven member 3 and that a shift is to be made into direct drive to connect the drive shaft and the driven shaft 3 directly together through the balking clutch, at this time, the vehicle in which the transmission isinstalled has assumedly developed a speed up to the direct drive or high speed range. These shifts are usually automatically determined by an inner race of the overrunning clutch, the balking ring having a limited rocking movement forward relatively to the drive shaft, the ring and the axially shiftable member having balking teeth located to abut when the speeds of the two shafts are different, a spring acting on the balking ring tending to shift it to balking position, and a shifting collar on the head connected to the shiftable member to shift it, all whereby the drive shaft overruns the driven shaft when the speed of the drive shaft is greater than that of the driven shaft and the clutch is disengaged, and the driven shaft operates to shift the balking ring out of balking position when the drive shaft is decelerated to a point where the driven shaft momentarily rocks the balking ring faster than the drive shaftrotates.

. v2. In a transmission mechanism, the combination of driving and driven shafts, one of the output speed governor and the shifting effected by power, although when the speed range is reached, the operator wills the shift by operating the accelerator pedal to decelerate the engine, as for instance, as set forth in application of Carl D. Peterson and Albert H. Deimel, Serial No. 499,512, filed August .21, 1943, now Patent No. 2,399,567. When this speed range is reached, the collar IU is shifted to neutral position, but the shifting to the left to shift in the balk clutch is obstructed, while the speeds of the shafts I and 3 are different. Deceleration of the engine decelerates or causes the shaft I to slow down to a lower speed than the driven shaft 3, which is being actuated under its momentum and without retardation after the synchronizing clutch has been disengaged. Deceleration of the engine slows down the shaft I which normally rotates faster, below that of the driven element 3 under this momentum, and thus causes the driven memn ber 3 through the overrunning clutch 28 to control and time the rocking movement of the balk ring 21, so that the balking teeth 35 and 29 do not come out of abutting relation until the speed shafts having a head formed with an axial cylindrical recess, the wall of which serves as the outer race of. an overrunning clutch, the other shaft extending coaxially into the recess, a sliding toothed clutch section splined on said other shaft and having a hub provided with blocking teeth, a collar splined on, said other shaft adjacent the bottom of said recess, a baiking ringymounted on the collar to have a limited rocking movement and formingthe inner. race of theI overrunning clutch, said balking ring having blocking teeth against which the blocking teeth on' the sliding clutch section are adapted to abut when in blocking position, the overrunning clutch permitting the drive shaft to overrun the driven shaft and the driven s'haft to have a rocking movement in a forward direction, upon deceleration of the drive shaft to a slower Yspeed than the driven shaft when the clutch is disengaged, spring means for biasing4 the balking ring into blocking position, rollers between the inner and outer races to lock said balking ring to the driven shaft to rock the balking ring out of blocking position upon deceleration ofthe drive shaft to a speed less than that of the driven shaft, and a collar slidable on the head and connected to the shiftabl'e clutch of the shaft I is slightly below that of the shaft section to shift the same when said balking ring is out of blocking position.

CARL D. PETERSON. ALBERT H. DEIMEL. EDW W. ZINGSl lr nEFEnENoEs l w UNrrnn. STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,333,668 Neracher et al. Nov. 9, 1943 2,041,445 Warren May 19, 1936 2,071,582 Salemi Feb. 23, 1931 

